Bennett-Levy And Marteua (1984) Fear Of Animals

Bennet-Levy and Marteau (1984) Fear of sensuals Phobias: Persistant irrational headache of an event, object, activity, called a neurotic stimulus, resulting in desire to avoid it Presence or anticipation of psychoneurotic stimulus triggers anxiety or panic o individual acknowledges mis crowing to be irrational Most common masher phobias argon arachnophobia and fear of dogs. Explanation of phobias o Classical learn training by association o Operant condition reinforcement o Social learning theory empirical learning (bandura bobo doll) initiation Context: evolutionary psychology is a type of biological psychology o all over time animals adapted or passed on characteristics which gave them advantages in choice Seligman (1971) o Proposed humans have evolved to become afraid of discriminating animal characteristics known as stimuli o Preparedness - sensitiveness of organism afraid of selective stimuli o Presented participants w  pictures of ani mals and plants whilst giving them galvanic shocks Conditioned phobias as participants associated pictures w feeling pain.

BL&M place four important pieces of evidence in privilege of preparedness o Pattern of animal phobia is non-random not all species every bit likely to elicit neurotic responses Suggests something particular about those species that are commonly focus of a phobia eg moving promptly or suddenly o Fears no related to echt legative experiences w species Suggests characteristics of species (eg being diff from humans) may be more important than actual dangerousness o Children intimately likely to become afraid at about 4 yrs Consistency unlikely to ari se if exploitation fears were related to en! counters Suggests demeanor of fears has innate origins. o Phobic persons fears flow despite knowledge that feared animal is harmless Eg fears of rats overcome and guiltless Suggests that basic aspect of species that elicit response Hinde (1974) o inquisitiveness of an animal may...If you want to get a full essay, pasture it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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